One of the most beautiful trekking destinations in India, the Valley of Flowers National Park is a popular name among nature lovers. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India. Given its unique setting in the Zanskar and Great Himalayan Ranges, the Valley represents rich flora not found anywhere else.
The Valley of Flowers is a center of plant diversity and offers an incredible trekking experience for photography lovers. Its vibrant clusters of flowers, the sanctity of Hemkund Sahib, and the adventure of climbing steep sections attract trekkers from around the world. This beautiful National Park in Uttarakhand is a perfect holiday destination for travelling with family and friends or solo, giving you an unforgettable experience.
This detailed guide will help you learn the special features of the Valley of Flowers National Park, how to reach it, and important tips for the best travel experience.
Table of Contents
History of the Valley Of Flowers National Park
The Valley of Flowers remained undiscovered for ages due to its isolated location and was home to migratory pastoralists. Col. Edmund Smyth, an Indian Army officer, was the first to come across the Valley drained by the Pushapwati River in 1862. However, he could not explore the entire Pushpawati Valley due to fewer resources.
In 1931, six English mountaineers, including Frank S Smythe and PL Holdsworth, successfully summited Mt. Kamet. They further decided to explore the mountainous region around the sources of the Alaknanda and Gangotri rivers. Climbing down to Bhyundar Valley, they lost their way. They accidently reached an alpine meadow, where Holdsworth, a botanist, first noticed a valley blanketed with blooming Primulas. With Smythe, he camped at this beautiful valley and took notes of the valley’s other vibrant floral species.
Smythe was so captivated by its beauty that he revisited the valley in 1939 to collect seeds and bulbs of the alpine plants. He gave the valley its modern-day name. Later, Smythe published a book titled “The Valley of Flowers“[1], which brought global fame to this flowering alpine meadow. In the same year, a botanist from Kew, Lady Joan Margaret Legge, visited the valley to study the morphology of its flowers. However, due to an unfortunate accident, she lost her life, and a memorial was erected here in her memory.
The Valley of Flowers became a hub for research and tourist activities. The Indian government, to eradicate the negative impact of these activities, increased the conservation efforts. The Valley was declared a national park under the Wildlife Protection Act in 1980 to protect the area. In 1982, it was officially established as the Valley of Flowers National Park.
Geography and Location
The Valley of Flowers National Park is spread across 87.5 km2 at an altitude ranging from 3,200 m to 6,675 m above sea level. The valley’s floor covers an elevation range from 3,350 to 3,658 m and is 5 km long and 2 km wide. It forms one of the second core zones of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in Uttarakhand. The park is strategically placed in the transition zone of Zanskar and the Himalayan Ranges.[2]
The national park also covers Hemkund Valley, which lies 10 km south of the Valley of Flowers. The Kundalinisen Plateau forms the central part of the Valley of Flowers, a vast alpine meadow spread over 1000 ha. The topography of the Valley of Flowers National Park includes dense coniferous forests, waterfalls, alpine meadows, and towering peaks.
The Valley of Flowers is drained by the Pushpawati River, which originates from the Tipra Glacier on Gauri Parbat. The river flows southwards and merges with Laxman Ganga, forming Bhyundar Ganga near Ghangaria. The Bhyundar Ganga River descends further for 15 km and flows into Alaknanada at Govindghat.
Special Features of the Valley of Flowers National Park
The Valley of Flowers National Park is famous for various factors that range from its unique flora to its heavenly landscapes. Let us have a closer look at these special features of the valley that make it a must-visit destination for nature lovers:
As a UNESCO World Heritage Site
After Smythe published the book “The Valley of Flowers” following his 1937 visit, the valley attracted worldwide attention. Numerous botanists and researchers came to examine its climate, soil, and alpine flora. Prof. Chandra Prakash Kala performed a decade’s worth of in-depth research in the Valley from 1993 to 2003. He documented over 520 diverse plant species in the Valley of Flowers National Park. His research played a great role in getting it nominated for UNESCO World Heritage Site designation in 2004.[3]
The Valley was assessed according to its uniqueness, biodiversity, and conservation efforts. The Valley of Flowers National Park was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site on July 14, 2005. Its remarkable natural beauty, showcasing rare and endangered species of flora and fauna, garnered international support for conservation.[4]
Scenic landscapes and peaceful environment
As described by Smythe in his book,” Valley of Flowers, a valley of peace and perfect beauty where the human spirit may find repose.” The Valley of Flowers National Park is one of the most stunning trekking destinations in the Himalayas. The charm of small villages, the fast-flowing Pushpawati River, cascading waterfalls, and the vibrant valleys add to its incredible scenery. The Valley of Flowers changes its colours each month, showcasing yellows and pinks in June and violets and reds in September.
Far away from the human settlement and its untouched landscape have a calming effect on the travellers. You will find flowering plants growing as tall as you, bordered by an amphitheater of towering peaks. Some notable peaks of Garhwal Himalayas visible from the Valley of Flowers National Park are Nar Parbat, Nilgiri Parbat, Gauri Parbat, Rataban, and Saptasring.
Cultural significance and local legends
Although the Valley of Flowers was discovered in 1931, its mentions can be found in the Puranas and ancient legends. According to the Skand Purana’s “Kedarkhand region” (in Hindi: केदारखण्ड क्षेत्र), this valley was referred to as Nandan Kanan, meaning the land of Gods and Goddesses.[5] It was also known as Lord Indra’s Garden, Gandhmadan, ‘Alka’ in Kalidasa’s Meghdoot, and Pushparasha.
Another local legend states that in the Ramayana, Lord Hanuman brought down the famous Sanjeevani Booti from the Valley of Flowers. During the time of the Mahabharata, it is said that the Pandavas encountered this valley during their exile. They saw a stream of water flowing with flowers, naming it ‘Pushpawati’ (adorned with flowers).
The name of Hemkund Sahib is synonymous with the Valley of Flowers. This sacred pilgrimage site is located within the Valley of Flowers National Park and is known for its Gurudwara. It is dedicated to Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth sikh guru. As per Sikh legends and his own autobiography, he is said to have meditated near the Hemkund Lake during his previous birth as a yogi.
Diverse Flora and Fauna
The Valley of Flowers National Park is a haven for nature lovers and bird-watchers. Here, you can find dense vegetation that features unique floral species and alpine shrubs. Its forest trails feature tall canopies of coniferous trees, tall grasses, and colourful flowers. At the meadow in the national park, the vast grass fields blanketed with several plants fill the heart with joy. The faunal varieties are sparse compared to the flora. However, the Valley features all the notable wildlife species found in the Himalayan ecosystem.
Biodiversity
The Valley of Flowers National Park stands out as one of the most pristine and natural habitats for rare and endangered species. It is a biodiversity hotspot for varieties of flora, wildlife, birds, and reptiles. Many of these species are endemic and are only found in the valley. Let us have a closer look at the notable species of flowers and fauna found in the Valley of Flowers:
Notable species of flowers in the Valley
The Valley of Flowers National Park is a botanical marvel when it comes to its plants and floral species. Throughout spring till early monsoon, you will find colourful flowers covering the Valley floor. The Valley’s soil retains moisture even during dry summers, making it fertile to support the alpine greenery.
It features more than 600 species that belong to more than 63 families of flowering plants. These are rare, endangered, and medicinal plants, some of which are not found outside of Uttarakhand.
The valley is divided into three ecological zones:
- Sub-alpine zone (3,200m- 3,500m): This marks the tree line and includes Himalayan maple, fir, birch, and rhododendron. It also has medicinal plants like Brahmakamal, which is used for religious offerings.
- Lower alpine zone (3,500m- 3,700m): This zone has moist soil, allowing herbaceous plants to grow in abundance. Key plants include junipers, rhododendrons, willows, potentilla, geranium, and fritillaria. It also has grasses and sedges, supporting the most diverse range of alpine plants.
- Higher alpine zone (above 3,700m): This area has rocky slopes and sparse vegetation with mosses, lichens, and delicate flowering herbs. Meadows of Kobresia sedge dominate the southern slopes, while the northern slopes have patches of rhododendrons and junipers. Important flowers include the blue Himalayan poppy, Bergenia, Senecio, and Potentilla.
Name of Flowers
The Valley of Flowers is dominated by western Himalayan alpine shrubs and meadows, with notable flower species [6] such as:
Himalayan Blue Poppy
Scientific Name: Meconopsis betonicifolia
Family: Papaveraceae
Flower Color: Blue
Leaves: Ovate to lance-shaped, covered with fine hairs
Altitude Range (m): 3,000–4,500
Habitat: Alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and moist forested areas
Blooming Season: Late spring to early summer (May–July)
Interesting Fact(s): Known as the “Queen of Himalayan Flowers,” the Himalayan Blue Poppy is highly prized for its rare and striking blue color.
Brahma Kamal
Scientific Name: Saussurea obvallata
Family: Asteraceae
Flower Color: White with a hint of pale yellow or pink
Leaves: Broad, fleshy, and covered with a papery, translucent bract
Altitude Range (m): 3,000–4,800
Habitat: Alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and near glacial regions
Blooming Season: July–September
Interesting Fact(s): It blooms at night and has a strong fragrance. Found in Uttarakhand, Himachal, and other high-altitude Himalayan regions, it is often seen near revered sites like Kedarnath and Hemkund Sahib.
Himalayan Cobra Lily
Scientific Name: Arisaema consanguineum
Family: Araceae
Flower Color: Dark purple or green with white stripes
Leaves: Long, narrow, radiating like fingers from a central point
Altitude Range (m): 2,000–3,500
Habitat: Moist forests, shaded slopes, and alpine meadows
Blooming Season: April–June
Interesting Fact(s): Its hooded flower resembles a cobra, acting as a natural insect trap for pollination.
Himalayan Knotweed (Bistorta Affinis)
Scientific Name: Polygonum polystachyum
Family: Polygonaceae
Flower Color: Pink or pale white
Leaves: Lance-shaped, green, slightly hairy
Altitude Range (m): 1,500–4,000
Habitat: Riverbanks, and moist slopes
Blooming Season: July–September
Interesting Fact(s): An invasive species in some regions, it spreads rapidly and stabilizes soil in erosion-prone areas.
Himalayan Yew
Scientific Name: Taxus wallichiana
Family: Taxaceae
Flower Color: Yellowish (male cones), Greenish (female cones)
Leaves: Dark green, needle-like, arranged in two rows
Altitude Range (m): 1,800–3,500
Habitat: Moist temperate forests, shaded slopes
Blooming Season: May-July
Interesting Fact(s): Its bark and leaves contain taxol, a compound used in cancer treatment.
Geraniums
Scientific Name: Geranium wallichianum
Family: Geraniaceae
Flower Color: Purple, violet, or pink with dark veins
Leaves: Deeply lobed, hairy, and aromatic
Altitude Range (m): 2,500–4,000
Habitat: Alpine meadows, forest edges, and rocky slopes
Blooming Season: June–September
Interesting Fact(s): Known for its medicinal properties, it is used in traditional remedies for wounds and infections.
Himalayan Slipper Orchid
Scientific Name: Cypripedium himalaicum
Family: Orchidaceae
Flower Color: Greenish-yellow with brown or purple markings
Leaves: Broad, lance-shaped, with parallel veins
Altitude Range (m): 3,000–4,500
Habitat: Moist alpine meadows, forest clearings, and rocky slopes
Blooming Season: June–August
Interesting Fact(s): Its pouch-like flower traps insects to aid in pollination.
White Primrose
Scientific Name: Primula Reidii
Family: Primulaceae
Flower Color: White with a yellow center
Leaves: Oblong to lance-shaped, slightly hairy
Altitude Range (m): 3,500–4,800
Habitat: Alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and moist areas
Blooming Season: June–August
Interesting Fact(s): Its sweet fragrance attracts pollinators, even in harsh high-altitude conditions.
Campanulas
Scientific Name: Campanula latifolia (Common Himalayan species)
Family: Campanulaceae
Flower Color: Blue, violet, or purple
Leaves: Ovate to lance-shaped, serrated edges
Altitude Range (m): 2,500–4,500
Habitat: Alpine meadows, forest edges, and rocky slopes
Blooming Season: June–September
Interesting Fact(s): Also known as bellflowers, their bell-shaped blooms attract bees and butterflies for pollination.
Heracleum
Scientific Name: Heracleum candicans
Family: Apiaceae
Flower Color: White
Leaves: Large, lobed, and deeply divided
Altitude Range (m): 2,500–4,000
Habitat: Moist alpine meadows, riverbanks, and forest edges
Blooming Season: June–September
Interesting Fact(s): Known for its umbrella-shaped flower clusters, it belongs to the same family as carrots and parsley.
Shamrock Pea (Blue Oxalis)
Scientific Name: Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea
Family: Oxalidaceae
Flower Color: Blue or purple
Leaves: Three-lobed, clover-like, often tinged with purple
Altitude Range (m): 2,500–4,200
Habitat: Alpine meadows, moist forest floors, and rocky slopes
Blooming Season: June–August
Interesting Fact(s): Its leaves fold at night or during harsh weather to conserve moisture.
Polygonum (Bistorta vivipara)
Scientific Name: Polygonum viviparum
Family: Polygonaceae
Flower Color: White or pale pink
Leaves: Narrow, lance-shaped, slightly wavy edges
Altitude Range (m): 3,000–5,000
Habitat: Alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and moist grasslands
Blooming Season: June–August
Interesting Fact(s): It produces small bulbils along the stem, allowing vegetative reproduction in harsh alpine conditions.
Impatiens leggei
Scientific Name: Impatiens leggei
Family: Balsaminaceae
Flower Color: Pink to reddish-purple
Leaves: Lance-shaped with serrated edges
Altitude Range (m): 3,000–4,000
Habitat: Moist, shaded areas in alpine meadows and forest edges
Blooming Season: July–September
Aconitum falconeri
Scientific Name: Aconitum falconeri
Family: Ranunculaceae
Flower Color: Deep blue or violet
Leaves: Deeply lobed, dark green, palmate
Altitude Range (m): 3,000–4,500
Habitat: Moist alpine meadows, forest edges, and rocky slopes
Blooming Season: July–September
Interesting Fact(s): Highly toxic; historically used to poison arrows and in traditional medicine
Hedychium Spicatum
Scientific Name: Hedychium spicatum
Family: Zingiberaceae
Flower Color: White or pale yellow with an orange center
Leaves: Lance-shaped, glossy green, aromatic
Altitude Range (m): 1,500–3,000
Habitat: Moist forests, shady slopes, and grasslands
Blooming Season: June–September
Interesting Fact(s): Known as “Spiked Ginger Lily,” its rhizomes are used in perfumes, traditional medicine, and incense.
Corydalis meifolia
Scientific Name: Corydalis meifolia
Family: Papaveraceae
Flower Color: Yellow or orange, often with brown-purple or violet tips
Leaves: Fern-like, bluish-green, deeply divided
Altitude Range (m): 3,500–5,000
Habitat: Alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and scree-covered areas
Blooming Season: June–August
Interesting Fact(s): Adapted to extreme alpine conditions, it thrives in cold, high-altitude environments.
Anaphalis triplinervis
Scientific Name: Anaphalis triplinervis
Family: Asteraceae
Flower Color: White with a yellow center
Leaves: Narrow, lance-shaped, woolly underneath
Altitude Range (m): 2,500–4,500
Habitat: Alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and open forests
Blooming Season: July–September
Interesting Fact(s): Known as “Everlasting Flower” due to its long-lasting, papery bracts that do not wither easily.
Veronica Laxa
Scientific Name: Veronica laxa
Family: Plantaginaceae
Flower Color: Pale blue or white
Leaves: Ovate to ovate-triangular, 2-5 cm long, coarsely toothed margins
Altitude Range (m): 1,500–2,500
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine meadows, forest slopes
Blooming Season: June
Interesting Fact(s): Found in the Himalayas, from Himachal Pradesh to Uttarakhand, Nepal, and beyond.
Wild Celery
Scientific Name: Apium graveolens
Family: Apiaceae
Flower Color: White or greenish-white
Leaves: Pinnate, serrated, glossy green, aromatic
Altitude Range (m): Up to 1,500
Habitat: Marshlands, riverbanks, and moist meadows
Blooming Season: July–September
Interesting Fact(s): Used as food, medicine, and spice; seeds are valued for their essential oils.
Rosa Microphylla (Wild Rose)
Scientific Name: Rosa macrophylla
Family: Rosaceae
Flower Color: Pink
Leaves: Compound with 9-15 bluish-green leaflets
Altitude Range (m): 2,400–3,600
Habitat: Thickets, mountain forests, slopes, and stream sides
Blooming Season: June–July
Blue Corydalis
Scientific Name: Corydalis flexuosa
Family: Papaveraceae
Flower Color: Blue to violet
Leaves: Fern-like, finely divided, gray-green foliage
Altitude Range (m): 1,500–2,500
Habitat: Woodland clearings, shaded slopes, and moist, well-drained soils
Blooming Season: Early to mid-spring
Carex Cruenta
Scientific Name: Carex cruenta Nees
Family: Cyperaceae
Flower Color: Not specified; typically, sedges have greenish or brownish flowers.
Leaves: Flat, linear, and shorter than the culms, measuring approximately 2 to 4 millimeters in width.
Altitude Range (m): 3,800–5,600 meters
Habitat: Alpine meadows, subalpine or subarctic biomes, high mountain shrub meadows, grasslands, and under spruce forests.
Blooming Season: Not specified; sedges typically bloom in late spring to early summer.
Interesting Fact(s): Commonly known as the “blood-coloured sedge,” Carex cruenta is native to the Himalayas, including regions of southern China, Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Sikkim.
Cynoglossum Wallichii
Scientific Name: Cynoglossum wallichii G.Don
Family: Boraginaceae
Flower Color: Blue
Leaves: Basal leaves are stalked, obovate; stem leaves are sessile, lanceolate, and decrease in size upward.
Altitude Range (m): 1,300–3,600
Habitat: Mountain slopes, grasslands, roadsides, and moist shaded forest areas.
Blooming Season: Summer months
Interesting Fact(s): Known as the “Barbed Forget-Me-Not,” this biennial herb is native to regions from Afghanistan to China, including the Indian Himalayas. It has been used traditionally for treating wounds, burns, and infections.
Erigeron Multiradiatus
Scientific Name: Erigeron multiradiatus
Family: Asteraceae
Flower Color: Dark purple ray florets with yellow disc florets
Leaves: Sessile, obovate, and blunt, with dented tips
Altitude Range (m): Not specified
Habitat: Grassy slopes and waysides of agricultural fields
Blooming Season: August to September
Interesting Fact(s): The whole plant is used as a brain tonic and for treating renal disorders and stomachaches.
European Wallflower (Siberian wallflower)
Scientific Name: Erysimum hieraciifolium
Family: Brassicaceae
Flower Color: Yellow
Leaves: Lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, with entire or dentate margins
Altitude Range (m): Typically found at low to moderate elevations
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, waste areas, and open woodlands
Blooming Season: July to August
Interesting Fact(s): The young leaves of the European Wallflower are sometimes cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Himalayan Aster
Scientific Name: Aster albescens
Family: Asteraceae
Common Names: Fading Himalayan Aster, Lilac Himalayan Aster
Flower Color: Lilac ray florets with yellow disc florets
Leaves: Lance-shaped, 4–12 cm long, narrowed to a short stalk, entire or somewhat toothed, hairy beneath
Altitude Range (m): 1,800–3,000
Habitat: Light forests, shrubberies, and open slopes
Blooming Season: July to August
Golden Rod (Sonali)
Scientific Name: Solidago virgaurea
Family: Asteraceae
Flower Color: Bright yellow
Leaves: Oval to lance-shaped, serrated edges, basal leaves larger than upper ones
Altitude Range (m): 500–3,000
Habitat: Meadows, forest edges, rocky slopes, and open grasslands
Blooming Season: July to October
Interesting Fact(s): Used in traditional medicine for kidney health and anti-inflammatory properties.
Horned Lousewort
Scientific Name: Pedicularis bicornuta
Family: Orobanchaceae
Flower Color: White to pale yellow
Leaves: Fern-like, pinnately lobed, with a soft, feathery texture
Altitude Range (m): 2,500–4,500
Habitat: Alpine meadows, grassy slopes, and open woodlands, often in moist, well-drained soils
Blooming Season: Late spring to early summer
Interesting Fact(s): A hemiparasitic plant that attaches to the roots of nearby plants for nutrients.
Kashmir Lousewort (Pedicularis Punctata)
Scientific Name: Pedicularis punctata
Family: Orobanchaceae
Common Names: Kashmir Lousewort
Flower Color: Pinkish-red with a white spot in the throat
Leaves: Pinnately lobed, finely toothed
Altitude Range (m): 2,700–4,500
Habitat: Alpine slopes and damp places
Blooming Season: July–September
Himalayan Mint Shrub
Scientific Name: Colquhounia coccinea
Family: Lamiaceae
Flower Color: Reddish-orange to scarlet
Leaves: Oval to lance-shaped, aromatic, with serrated edges and hairy undersides
Altitude Range (m): 1,000–3,000
Habitat: Hillsides, forest edges, and open slopes in subtropical and temperate regions
Blooming Season: August to November
Interesting Fact(s): Traditionally used in herbal medicine and for making aromatic oils.
Common Ragwort
Scientific Name: Jacobaea vulgaris (formerly Senecio jacobaea)
Family: Asteraceae
Flower Color: Bright yellow
Leaves: Deeply lobed, dark green, with a ragged appearance
Altitude Range (m): Sea level to 2,000 meters
Habitat: Meadows, pastures, roadsides, and waste grounds; thrives in disturbed soils
Blooming Season: June to November
Interesting Fact(s): Ragwort is toxic to livestock, particularly horses and cattle, due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause liver damage.
Grape Leaf Anemone
Scientific Name: Eriocapitella vitifolia
Family: Ranunculaceae
Flower Color: Pale pink to lavender with a yellow center
Leaves: Deeply lobed, grapevine-like, serrated edges, dark green
Altitude Range (m): 500–3,000
Habitat: Forest edges, open slopes, and moist meadows
Blooming Season: July to September
Interesting Fact(s): Known as the Grape-leaved Anemone, it is often cultivated as an ornamental plant for its elegant flowers.
Bell Wort
Scientific Name: Codonopsis rotundifolia
Family: Campanulaceae
Flower Color: Blue to violet, sometimes pale purple
Leaves: Rounded to ovate, green, with smooth or slightly serrated edges
Altitude Range (m): 2,000–4,500
Habitat: Alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and forest clearings
Blooming Season: June to September
Interesting Fact(s): This species is used in traditional medicine for its potential adaptogenic and immune-boosting properties.
Rugged Yellow Balsam, Areli
Scientific Name: Impatiens scabrida
Family: Balsaminaceae
Flower Color: Yellow with reddish-brown markings
Leaves: Lance-shaped, serrated edges, rough texture
Altitude Range (m): 1,500–3,500
Habitat: Moist forest understories, stream banks, and shaded slopes
Blooming Season: July to September
Interesting Fact(s): Its seed pods explode when touched, a trait common to Impatiens species, aiding in rapid seed dispersal.
Showy Inula
Scientific Name: Inula grandiflora
Family: Asteraceae
Flower Color: Bright yellow
Leaves: Lance-shaped, serrated edges, rough texture
Altitude Range (m): 2,000–4,500
Habitat: Alpine meadows, forest edges, and grassy slopes
Blooming Season: July to September
Greater stitchwort
Scientific Name: Rabelera holostea (formerly Stellaria holostea)
Family: Caryophyllaceae (Carnation family)
Other Names: Greater Stitchwort, Wedding Cakes, Star-of-Bethlehem, Daddy’s-shirt-buttons, Snapdragon
Flower Color: White
Leaves: Narrow, lanceolate, grass-like, opposite pairs
Altitude Range (m): Sea level to 1,500
Habitat: Woodlands, roadside verges, hedgerows, grassy banks, and open fields
Blooming Season: April to June
Interesting Fact(s): The plant’s stems are brittle and easily break, which is why it’s sometimes called ‘Snapdragon’.
Threadleaf Corydalis
Scientific Name: Corydalis meifolia
Family: Papaveraceae
Flower Color: Yellow or sometimes orange, with brown-purple or violet tips.
Leaves: Glaucous, many times cut into linear or threadlike pointed segments. Basal leaves are large, 10-30 cm, long-stalked.
Altitude Range (m): 2,000–4,500
Habitat: Alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and forest clearings
Blooming Season: June to August
Interesting Fact(s): The genus name ‘Corydalis’ is derived from the Greek word ‘korydalis’, meaning ‘crested lark’, referring to the flower’s resemblance to the lark’s head.
Pearly Everlasting
Scientific Name: Anaphalis triplinervis
Family: Asteraceae
Flower Color: White with yellow centers
Leaves: Narrowly elliptic, greyish-green with white-felted undersides, featuring three prominent veins
Altitude Range (m): 1,500–4,500
Habitat: Alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and forest clearings in the Himalayas
Blooming Season: Mid-summer to autumn
Red Hot Poker
Scientific Name: Kniphofia spp.
Family: Asphodelaceae
Flower Color: Red, orange, yellow, sometimes greenish
Leaves: Long, narrow, arching, grass-like, often evergreen
Altitude Range (m): 500–3,000
Habitat: Grasslands, mountain slopes, wetlands, and rocky areas
Blooming Season: Late spring
Ox Knee
Scientific Name: Achyranthes bidentata
Family: Amaranthaceae
Flower Color: Greenish-white or reddish, small, inconspicuous
Leaves: Opposite, simple, elliptic to ovate, with entire margins
Altitude Range (m): 100–1,500
Habitat: Woodlands, and grasslands
Blooming Season: Late summer
Interesting Fact(s): The plant’s common name, “Ox Knee,” refers to the swollen nodes on its stems, resembling an ox’s knee.
Diversity of Faunal Species
In addition to its diverse flora, the Valley of Flowers National Park features some of the notable species of Himalayan Wildlife. These include about 13 wild mammal species in and around the park. The Valley also serves as a habitat for several birds and reptile species that are protected inside the national park. Here are some of the notable faunal species found in the Valley of Flowers:
Name of Animals[7]
- Himalayan tahr
- Himalayan musk deer
- Mouse hare
- Himalayan black bear
- Red fox
- Himalayan weasel
- common langur
- Flying squirrel
- Himalayan yellow-throated marten
- Himalayan brown bear
- Blue Sheep or Bharal
- Serow
- Snow leopard
- Common leopard
How to Reach the Valley of Flowers National Park
The trek to the Valley of Flowers National Park starts from Govindghat in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. This town is well-connected to major cities like Dehradun, Rishikesh, and Haridwar. To reach here, on day one of your itinerary, consider booking your flight or train to any one of the given cities on Day zero.
The table below lists important information on the Valley of Flowers National Park, from entry fees to park timings:
| Attribute | Details |
| IUCN Category | II (National Park) |
| District | Chamoli |
| Year of Notification | 1982 |
| Special Status | Biosphere Reserve |
| Timing | 7:00 AM to 3:00 PM |
| Permit Validity | 3 days |
| Entry Fee | Indians: INR 150 |
| Non Indians: INR 600 | |
| Photography Fee | Free |
| Videography Fee | Indians: INR 500 |
| Non Indians: INR 1500 | |
| Altitude | 3,350m to 6,719m (Gauri Parbat: highest point) |
| Best Time to Visit | July, August, September |
| Nearest Town | Joshimath (33 Km), Govindghat (14-13 km) |
Reaching the starting point of the trek
You can arrive at Govindghat via air, railways, or road in the following ways:
By Road
Travelling to Govindghat by road provides you with scenic views throughout your journey. The town is situated on National Highway 7, making it accessible from Rishikesh (262 km), Dehradun (300 km), and Haridwar (285 km). You can get to these cities by air, train, or road from your city on day zero.
To reach Govindghat, you can either drive your private vehicle or hire a private or shared cab. Another economical option is to take a bus. You can reach Dehradun or Rishikesh first by taking a bus from Delhi’s Anand Vihar or ISBT Kashmiri Gate. Upon reaching, you can find several UTC buses and private buses running from Dehradun, Rishikehs, and Haridwar to Govindghat.
To check for buses departing for Govind Ghat or Badrinath from Dehradun or Rishikesh, please check the timetable on the UTC web portal.
By Train
The nearest railway stations to Govindghat are:
- Rishikesh Railway station (261.6 km)
- Haridwar Railway Station (284.0 km)
- Dehradun Railway Station (306.0 km)
These stations are connected to most of the major cities in India, like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, and more. You can arrive at any one of these stations on day zero and take a bus or cab to reach Govindghat.
By Flight
The Jolly Grant Airport in Dehradun is the nearest airport to Govindghat, with a distance of about 277 km. The airport receives direct and connecting flights via Delhi from cities like Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, etc. On arrival in Dehradun, buses and taxis are readily available to Govindghat.
Other than this, Govindghat has a helipad that offers trips to the Valley of Flowers and Hemkund Sahib via Helicopter. You can book this facility from the IRCTC website or with the help of a tour operator.
Trekking into the valley
To start your Valley of Flowers trek, you must reach Govindghat or Joshimath on day zero or one. There are multiple stay options available in the towns for an overnight stay, or you can arrive here early in the morning. From Joshimath or Govindghat, you can hail a shared taxi or drive to Pulna to start your trek to the Valley of Flowers National Park. Let us discuss the day-by-day itinerary of the Valley of Flowers trek:
Itinerary Steps
Day 1: Reach Govindghat or Joshimath
Arrive at Govindghat or Joshimath from Dehradun or Rishikesh. Stay overnight at a hotel and acclimatize before starting your trek.
Day 2: Govindghat/Joshimath to Pulna and trek to Ghangaria
Start your day early and hire a shared taxi to Pulna Village, which is about 5 km from Govindghat. On arrival, get your registration done for the trek here. From Pulna to Ghangaria, the trekking distance is about 10 km and takes about 6-7 hrs to complete. Enjoy the views of Bhyundhar Ganga while climbing the initial steep sections. Upon reaching the village, you can spend the night at a hotel or a GMVN guest house.
Day 3: Ghangaria to Valley of Flowers National Park and Back
Start your day as early as possible to reach the National Park before noon. After crossing the Ghangaria Market, take the left route that goes towards the Valley of Flowers. Once you reach the checkpoint (1.5 km further), buy entry tickets for the Valley of Flowers National Park. Stay on the marked trail and enjoy the vibrant scenery of the Valley and the breathtaking landscapes. After exploring the Valley, return to Ghangaria for an overnight stay.
Day 4: Ghangaria to Hemkund Sahib and Back
On day 4, to reach the Hemkund Sahib, you can either trek for a round trip of 11 km or hire a mule/Palki/Kandi to visit it. The climb to Hemkund is very steep yet scenic. Visit the Lokpal Temple dedicated to Lakshmana near the lake and the Gurudwara. Return to Ghangaria for the night.
Day 5: Trek from Ghagharia to Pulna and drive to Govindghat
Retrace your steps back to Pulna Village and enjoy the views throughout the descent. Drive back to Govindghat or take a shared taxi. From here, you can return to Rishikesh, Haridwar, or Dehradun. This concludes your journey to the Valley of Flowers National Park.
Difficulty Level of the Trek
The trek to Valley of Flowers National Park is moderately difficult and can be attempted by reasonably fit beginners. It requires you to trek for about 20 km round trip from Pulna to Valley of Flowers National Park in a span of two days. The elevation gain is another factor that puts it under moderate difficulty. You start from Govindghat at 5,827 ft and move up to Ghangaria at 10,614 ft within a day. Moving forward, from Ghangaria to the Valley of Flowers, you gain an elevation of more than 3,000 ft.
Talking about the terrain of the trekking trails in Valley of Flowers National Park, it is well-marked from Pulna to the Valley of Flowers checkpoint. There are a few very steep sections, however, the major part of the trails are almost flat and even till this point. Once you enter the national park, the trail is laid with rugged, pointed, and uneven stones that are hard to traverse. You will cross a few streams of Pushpawati Valley and a landslide zone on your way. Overall, the trek is suitable for beginners and experienced trekkers alike, as it has no technical sections and has easy exits.
Eco-friendly practices to protect the environment
The Valley of Flowers National Park is a protected area. It has a sensitive ecosystem, and to maintain the natural habitat of its rare species, we must follow responsible trekking practices. Here are a few eco-friendly tips that you must follow while trekking in the Valley of Flowers:
- Carry your own water bottle and refill it while trekking. Multiple water sources are available throughout the Valley.
- Do not throw plastic waste. Use a trash bag to collect your waste and follow a leave-no-trace policy while trekking.
- Avoid using single-use plastics, and carry eco-friendly packages and tools.
- Do not pluck the flowers or disturb any flora on your way. Some of them are threatened and protected species.
- Do not carry a foreign plant, seed, bulb, or tuber to plant in the valley. These could be invasive and may have an adverse impact on the existing flora.
- Avoid making loud noises and hooting in the national park, as this may disturb the wildlife.
- Stay on the designated trails inside the Valley of Flowers National Park to minimise your footprint.
Climate & Weather of Valley of Flowers
The Valley of Flowers is an inner Himalayan Valley representing a microclimate that is different from other parts of Uttarakhand. However, the great Himalayas shield the valley towards its south, reducing the impact of southwest summer monsoons. It remains dry during spring and summer but receives heavy rainfall after late July till September.
The weather remains calm from April to June, with chances of unpredictable rains. Throughout the monsoons, heavy mist blankets the Valley, keeping the soil moist and supporting the growth of dense vegetation.
During winter, the valley of flowers receives heavy snowfall for about 6-7 months. It remains closed to visitors from late October to late March.
Given the ecological sensitivity of the Valley of Flowers, the prevalent climate change has had many adverse effects on its microclimate.[8] The factors responsible for the climate disturbance in the Valley are:
- Global Warming: Increased temperatures in the valley have resulted in the early melting of snow. The spring, which used to arrive in April, now comes as early as late January and February. The valley’s natural seasonal cycle is disturbed, with flowers like Himalayan Fritillary and Drumstick Primula blooming early in April instead of May or July.
- Reduced Precipitation: Climate change has severely impacted the rainfall patterns in the Valley of Flowers. The decrease in rainfall has stunted the growth patterns of the vegetation.
- Invasive Plant Species: Many new non-native species have been introduced in the valley that have invaded the growth space of the native species. Species like Pinkhead Smartweed are harming the natural and endangered plant species, putting them at risk of extinction.
- Tourism Activities: The increased tourism activities have negatively impacted the natural habitat of several species in the Valley of Flowers National Park. Tourists often throw waste irresponsibly and trample the vegetation while walking. This has resulted in the disturbance of the Valley’s eco-sentive zones.
Best Time to visit VOF
The Valley of Flowers is one of the best monsoon treks in India, and entry inside the National Park is allowed from June to October. The colourful flowers bloom during these months, enhancing the scenic beauty and peaceful vibe. The weather remains favourable for trekking. However, you may experience sudden rainfall while trekking in the valley, especially in the early morning or evening.
Winter arrives in the Valley of National Park after late October, covering the higher and lower altitudes of the Valley with thick snow. It remains snow-bound till late May. Therefore, the best time to visit the Valley of Flowers National Park is July, August, and September. Let us discuss them in detail:
Valley of Flowers in July
Temperature Range: 25℃ to 35℃
The winter snow in the Valley of Flowers National Park starts melting in late June. In July, you can find residual snow floating on the River streams and the grasses of alpine meadows. Early July is best if you seek solitude and peace while trekking in the Valley. The weather remains slightly cold at night and warm during the day, but the dense tree cover makes trekking enjoyable. You will find early blooms colouring the Valley in shades of yellow and pink.
However, to experience the lush greenery and flowers in full bloom, visit the valley after mid-July. This is also a peak tourist season, so make your travel arrangements in advance.
Valley of Flowers in August
Temperature Range: 25℃ to 37℃
This is a tourist-favourite month for visiting the Valley of Flowers National Park. You will find the Valley gleaming in colourful blooms with palettes of Green, Pink, Yellow, Purple, Red, and Orange. The rainfall becomes frequent in the lower altitudes near Pulna and Govindghat. At high altitudes, the clouds get so low that they seem to touch the tall flowering plants and grasses.
This is the perfect time for photography lovers, as the scenic beauty of the Valley peaks in August. However, being a peak season, you may find too much crowd in the Valley, so consider this factor while planning your trip.
Valley of Flowers in September
Temperature Range: 23℃ to 35℃
September brings the post-monsoon beauty to the Valley of Flowers with clear skies, a crisp atmosphere, and the scent of earth. Visiting the Valley during this time provides a rejuvenating experience. While the flowers begin to mature and turn into berries in September, the vegetation becomes more vibrant and lush. You may not find blooming flowers in the Valley itself, but some can be found along the Hemkund trek. This is also the peak season for the Hemkund Sahib pilgrimage, so plan your journey accordingly.
What to Pack for trekking in valley?
Ready to embark on this heavenly trekking destination of the Valley of Flowers National Park? Here is a list of items you must pack while planning your trip:
- Clothing: The weather is generally warm during the day in the Valley; however, unpredictable rain may cause a significant drop in temperature. To prepare adequately, carry lightweight thermals, moisture-resistant trousers and T-shirts, along with a light jacket.
- Food and Water: Pack a refillable water bottle or flask. You will find plenty of Dhabas until Ghangaria market, but after that, food facilities are not available inside the national park. Therefore, pack protein-rich snacks and a lunch box. Additionally, include a trash bag for waste disposal.
- Footwear: The stone-paved trails inside the Valley of Flowers are extremely rugged and rocky. Wear sturdy hiking boots to protect your ankles while hiking. You may also pack an extra pair of Crocs or sandals/slippers to cross the water streams in the Valley. Carry an extra pair of socks to protect your feet.
- Accessories: Bring UV-resistant sunglasses and a cap to shield yourself from the harsh sunlight while hiking during the day. Use an ergonomic rucksack to ease stress on your back when climbing steep sections. Additionally, carrying an umbrella and a poncho or raincoat is a must. You can also buy one from the Ghangaria market.
- Personal Care and Essentials: Include sunscreen, lip balm, toiletries, a first-aid kit, a small knife, a torch, and a power bank.
Pro Tips for the Best Experience
Let us discuss some additional tips you should follow to ensure the best experience while trekking in the Valley of Flowers National Park:
- Trekking and camping activities are not allowed after 12 o’clock in the national park. So, when leaving Ghangaria, consider starting your day at around 6-7 am to reach the valley before the designated time. This will also give you adequate time to explore the valleys.
- Start your physical preparation for trekking at least a month before your trip. Incorporate jogging or light cardio exercises into your daily routine to prepare effectively.
- If you are planning your trip during peak season, book hotels in advance to avoid any inconvenience. You can also explore free stay options at the Gurudwaras of Govindghat and Ghangaria. Do not miss the tasty meals of langar organized at these gurudwaras and Hemkund Sahib.
- Given the high altitude of the Valley of Flowers, add proper acclimatization days to your itinerary to avoid AMS. Additionally, keep yourself hydrated and eat light while trekking.
- Carry a see-through plastic pouch to keep your ID and other permit-related documents handy. If you are a student, do not forget to carry your college ID. You can get a student discount on the entry ticket into the Valley of Flowers National Park.
- If you want to avoid the crowd, plan your trek during the weekdays. The footfall usually increases during the weekends.
Nearby Destinations
In addition to being a spiritual trekking destination in India, the Valley of Flowers National Park offers several other tourist attractions to explore. Let us discuss them in detail:
Badrinath Temple
Badrinath is located just 23.9 km from the Valley of Flowers, and you can visit it by hiring a cab from Govindghat. The holy temple at Badrinath is a must-visit as it is an important holy site for both the Char Dham and Chota Char Dham circuits. Located at an altitude of 3,100 m, it is dedicated to lord Vishnu, as he is said to have meditated here.
Narsingh Temple, Joshimath
Popularly known as Sapt Badri and Narsingh Badri Temple, this sacred site is a must-visit in Joshimath. This is also the place where the idol of Lord Badri is brought down from Badrinath Temple during winter. The temple is just 15.4 km from Govindghat, and you can easily find transportation to visit it. Here, you will find the idol of lord Narsimha, the fourth avatar of lord Vishnu, to worship his half-human and half-lion form.
Auli
Auli is a beautiful hill station in Joshimath located at 2,800 m. It is famous for its snow-bound landscape, perfect for activities like skiing and skating. In addition to this, it features stunning views of some of the notable peaks in Uttarakhand, like Nanda Devi Peak. To reach here, you can take a cab from Govindghat to Joshimath. From Joshimath, you can take a cable car/ropeway to reach Auli, enjoying mesmerizing bird’s-eye views of the Himalayas on your way.
Mana Village
If you are visiting Badrinath Temple, you can also plan your visit to Mana Village after your darshan. This village is known for its village tourism, offering you an opportunity to witness its setting alongside the Indo-Tibet border. You can complete your trip to Badrinath Temple and Mana Village and return to Govindghat within a day.
Pandukeshwar
Pandukeshwar is a hidden gem near Joshimath (18 km) known for its ancient roots in Mahabharata. Located on the way to Badrinath, this sacred place is named after King Pandu, father of the Pandavas. It is said that King Pandu used to worship Lord Shiva and installed his bronze idol at the Yogadhyan Badri temple. This temple is also a part of Sapt Badri and a must-visit for spirituality seekers. At Pandukeshwar, you can also visit the Vasudeva Temple, which is said to have been built by the Pandavas.
Ghangaria
Ghangaria is a small village settlement about 10 km from Pulna Village. This is a scenic location, perfect for eco-tourism and is known as the base for the Hemkund Sahib and Valley of Flowers Trek. The Pushpawati River and Hem Ganga River merge at Ghangaria, and the stream is called Laxman Ganga. Here, you can find many stay options and a Gurdwara, where you can enjoy a hearty meal in Langar.
Hemkund Sahib
Famous as the highest Sikh Gurdwara located at a height of 4,329 m, this sacred site is another attraction in the Valley of Flowers National Park. Starting from Ghangaria, the trek to Hemkund is a steep climb of about 6 km. Here, you will find the famous Brahma Kamal growing in the Valley and the beautiful Hemkund Lake, a glacial lake. This is also famous as the site where Laxmana meditated. You can visit the Laxmana Temple or Lokpal Temple near the lake.
Wrapping Up
The Valley of Flowers National Park is more than a trekking destination. This Himalayan Paradise is a gateway to experience the true beauty of the Himalayas and the spirituality of Hinduism and Sikhism. From its 600+ species of flora to its pristine river system, the Valley of Flowers is the pride of Uttarakhand. To preserve its fragile ecosystem, you must follow responsible trekking practices and respect the locals. Embark on a journey into the untouched wilderness of the Valley of Flowers for an unforgettable experience today!
References:
- “The Valley of Flowers” Book by Smythe – Arvind Gupta ↩︎
- Page no. 8- Geography of the Area of National Park – Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy, Dehradun ↩︎
- Ecology and Conservation of the Valley of Flowers National Park, Garhwal Himalaya – Publisher: Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India. ISBN: 9788185496061, Auther: Chandra Prakash Kala ↩︎
- Valley of flowers got world heritage site tag – downtoearth.org.in ↩︎
- Page no. 19- As per Hindu literature, Alakapuri and Nandan Kanan of Kubera are linked to the Valley of Flowers – First Gazetteer of Chamoli District Published by the Department of District Gazetteers, U. P, Lucknow ↩︎
- Page no. 9 of the Valley of Flowers report – ignfa.gov.in ↩︎
- Chapter 2.7 of Conservation of the Valley of Flowers National Park – Chandra Prakash Kala ↩︎
- Climate of Valley of Flowers – World Heritage Datasheet ↩︎
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